Kinkipedia - Fa'afafine

Fa’afafine is a recognized gender identity in Samoan culture, describing individuals who are assigned male at birth but embody both masculine and feminine traits, often identifying and living in a role that blends or transcends traditional gender roles. The word fa’afafine translates to “in the manner of a woman” in the Samoan language, though the identity is distinct from Western definitions of transgender, nonbinary, or gay.

Fa’afafine are a culturally specific third gender—not just a personal identity, but a social role rooted in tradition, family, and community life in Samoa and across Polynesia.

Cultural Context and Historical Background

The Fa’afafine identity is deeply rooted in Samoan culture, predating Western contact and colonization. Historically, fa’afafine have played respected and valued roles in society, often taking on caregiving responsibilities, supporting family elders, helping raise children, and contributing significantly to household and village life.

Rather than being marginalized, fa’afafine are generally recognized and accepted in Samoan communities. Their existence is seen as a natural and integrated part of the culture, not something separate or stigmatized—though attitudes can vary depending on religious influence and individual family beliefs.

Fa’afafine vs. Western Gender Concepts

Fa’afafine should not be directly equated with Western LGBTQ+ labels. While some fa’afafine may align with terms like transgender, feminine gay men, or nonbinary, many do not see themselves in those categories. Their identity is culturally specific and cannot be fully understood outside the context of Samoan traditions, family dynamics, and social expectations.

Importantly, fa’afafine is not about sexual orientation, although many fa’afafine are attracted to men. The identity is primarily about gender expression, social role, and cultural belonging.

Why Fa’afafine Identity Matters

Understanding fa’afafine identity is crucial in recognizing that gender diversity is not exclusive to Western frameworks. Fa’afafine are part of a broader global history of third-gender identities found in many Indigenous cultures worldwide.

Recognizing fa’afafine individuals supports cultural respect, gender inclusivity, and decolonization of gender narratives. Their existence is a reminder that gender has always been fluid, diverse, and culturally shaped.

Common Related Terms

Third Gender – A gender identity outside the male-female binary. Fa’afafine is often considered a third gender in Samoa, but it is specific to Samoan culture.

Fakaleiti (or Leiti) – A similar gender identity in Tonga, also referring to people assigned male at birth who take on traditionally feminine roles.

Mahu – A traditional third gender found in Native Hawaiian and Tahitian cultures.

Two-Spirit – A North American Indigenous term for people who embody both masculine and feminine spirits. Like fa’afafine, it is culturally specific and not interchangeable.

Transgender – While some fa’afafine may identify as transgender, many do not, as fa’afafine identity is more about cultural and familial roles than transition.

Final Thoughts on Fa’afafine Identity

To be fa’afafine is to hold a meaningful place within Samoan society—not outside it. Fa’afafine individuals embody both tradition and identity in a way that is celebrated, respected, and understood within their cultural framework.

In a world often dominated by Western definitions of gender, fa’afafine offer a powerful reminder: gender diversity is ancient, cultural, and deeply human. Respecting fa’afafine means honoring their unique role, listening to their voices, and understanding them on their own cultural terms.